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While hot flashes are commonly associated with menopause, a wide range of symptoms can occur. Many of these symptoms begin even earlier, during a stage known as perimenopause — the transitional period leading up to menopause.

 

“Perimenopause typically begins around age 47 or 48 and lasts about four years; however, it can start as early as mid-30s or as late as mid-50s,” Dr. Latricia Thompson, OB-GYN at Houston Methodist Cypress Hospital, said. “The timing of onset varies for each woman. A good gauge of when to expect it is based on your genetics. So, ask your mom or older sister when they began perimenopause. Other influencing factors can be smoking, obesity, and even stress, which can lead to an earlier onset by one to two years.” 

 

Perimenopause starts when the ovaries begin to produce less estrogen, leading to various physical and emotional symptoms. Some of these symptoms can include irregular periods or heavy bleeding, hot flashes and night sweats, sleep disturbances, mood swings, brain fog, memory issues, unexplained weight gain, and skin dryness. 

 

Other symptoms can include decreased libido, fatigue, and even joint pain. The symptoms can often be subtle and gradual, making it hard to connect to perimenopause. The long-term consequences of estrogen deficiency include cardiovascular disease and bone loss. Thus, it is a concern if you enter menopause before age 45.  

 

It’s also essential to work with your doctor to monitor your cholesterol levels, which can help protect your heart during and beyond this transitional stage. Treatment depends on the exact symptoms a woman is experiencing. 

 

"The first measure is to adopt and maintain a healthy diet and exercise regimen; this is the foundation of any treatment regimen,” Dr. Thompson said. 

 

“Reducing caffeine and alcohol can decrease hot flashes.  In addition to helping control weight gain, exercise also releases endorphins, which can help alleviate mood swings, irritability, and fatigue. It's the natural happy pill.”

 

Home remedies can be effective for some women, but not for all. If your symptoms are starting to impact your overall well-being or quality of life, it's time to talk with your doctor. For more information and to contact a Houston Methodist doctor, visit houstonmethodist.org/obgyn.